ORF      STATUS       Function Best COG  Functional category                                          Pathways and functional systems
r_klactIV3580 good E KOG2367 Amino acid transport and metabolism Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate synthase

Only best alignment is shown:
BLASTP 2.2.3 [May-13-2002]


Reference: Altschul, Stephen F., Thomas L. Madden, Alejandro A. Schaffer, 
Jinghui Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Webb Miller, and David J. Lipman (1997), 
"Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search
programs",  Nucleic Acids Res. 25:3389-3402.

Query= r_klactIV3580 1213327  1215075 583  
         (583 letters)

Database: KOG eukaryal database 04/03 
           60,738 sequences; 30,389,216 total letters

Searching..................................................done

Color Key for Alignment Scores:   
Score E Sequences producing significant alignments: (bits) Value YNL104c [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate s... 694 0.0 YOR108w [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate s... 672 0.0 SPBC3E7.16c [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitra... 485 e-137 At5g23010 [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate... 105 1e-22 At1g18500 [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate... 101 3e-21 At1g74040 [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate... 101 4e-21 At5g23020 [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate... 97 5e-20 >YNL104c [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate synthase Length = 619 Score = 694 bits (1791), Expect = 0.0 Identities = 353/585 (60%), Positives = 433/585 (73%), Gaps = 18/585 (3%) Query: 5 KDPSVKYKPFVSNVKLQDRKWPSKTLNKAPRWLATDLRDGNQSLPDPMNLEEKKLMLDKL 64 KDPS KYKPF + KL +RKWP + +APRWL+TDLRDGNQSLPDPM++E+KK KL Sbjct: 33 KDPSSKYKPF-NAPKLSNRKWPDNRITRAPRWLSTDLRDGNQSLPDPMSVEQKKEYFHKL 91 Query: 65 CELGFKEIEVAFPSASNIDFQFTQYAVKNVPEDVSIQVLSPCREPLIERTVESLVGAKRA 124 +GFKEIEV+FPSAS DF FT+YAV+N P+DVSIQ L RE LI+RTVE+L GAK+A Sbjct: 92 VNIGFKEIEVSFPSASQTDFDFTRYAVENAPDDVSIQCLVQSREHLIKRTVEALTGAKKA 151 Query: 125 IVHIYLATSPCFREIVFNNMSHEESIEKAVKCAKLVRSLTKDHPDRQDTHWSFEFSPETF 184 +H YLATS FREIVFN MS EE+I KAV+ KLVR LTKD P +Q T WS+EFSPE F Sbjct: 152 TIHTYLATSDMFREIVFN-MSREEAISKAVEATKLVRKLTKDDPSQQATRWSYEFSPECF 210 Query: 185 SDSEPDFVLEICEAVKAAWGPTEDNPIIFNLPATVEMATPNVYADQIEYFAQSISEREKV 244 SD+ +F +EICEAVK AW PTE+NPIIFNLPATVE+A+PNVYADQIEYFA I+EREKV Sbjct: 211 SDTPGEFAVEICEAVKKAWEPTEENPIIFNLPATVEVASPNVYADQIEYFATHITEREKV 270 Query: 245 CISLHPHNDRGCAVAAAELAQMAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTLALNLYTQGVSPNL 304 CIS H HNDRGC VAA EL +AGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVT+A+N+YTQGVSPNL Sbjct: 271 CISTHCHNDRGCGVAATELGMLAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTVAMNMYTQGVSPNL 330 Query: 305 DFSDMASIIEVVEKCNKIPVHARAPYGGQLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFEKYDNKVKALQEK 364 DFSD+ S+++VVE+CNKIPV RAPYGG LVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGF LQ K Sbjct: 331 DFSDLTSVLDVVERCNKIPVSQRAPYGGDLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFN--------LQNK 382 Query: 365 EGPDAVVPWKMPYLPLDPQDIGRTYEAIIRVNSQSGKGGSSWVILKNLELDLPRDLQIAY 424 + W++PYLPLDP+DIGR YEA+IRVNSQSGKGG++WVIL++L LDLPR++QI + Sbjct: 383 KRAQGETQWRIPYLPLDPKDIGRDYEAVIRVNSQSGKGGAAWVILRSLGLDLPRNMQIEF 442 Query: 425 SKIVQNETEIVGRELKSDELISLFEKSYFVGSHSTTGKFKFIDYKYDK-SPENFTLSVQL 483 S VQ+ + +GRELKSDE+ LF+++Y ++Y +K E + Q+ Sbjct: 443 SSAVQDHADSLGRELKSDEISKLFKEAYNYNDEQYQA-ISLVNYNVEKFGTERRVFTGQV 501 Query: 484 SDGTTQWDLEGTGNGPISSFIDAVNKNFKTNLDVKNYHEHSLGKSSDSRAATYISVSH-- 541 G D+EGTGNGPISS +DA++ V NY EHSLG S ++AA+YI +S+ Sbjct: 502 KVGDQIVDIEGTGNGPISSLVDALSNLLNVRFAVANYTEHSLGSGSSTQAASYIHLSYRR 561 Query: 542 ----EGFVQWGVGIHEDTTLASFLALLSCINGLDRAKNFTVNSAA 582 E +WGVG+ ED +S A+ + IN + + + ++ S A Sbjct: 562 NADNEKAYKWGVGVSEDVGDSSVRAIFATINNIIHSGDVSIPSLA 606 >YOR108w [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate synthase Length = 604 Score = 672 bits (1734), Expect = 0.0 Identities = 341/574 (59%), Positives = 425/574 (73%), Gaps = 19/574 (3%) Query: 5 KDPSVKYKPFVSNVKLQDRKWPSKTLNKAPRWLATDLRDGNQSLPDPMNLEEKKLMLDKL 64 +DPSVKY+ F K+ R WP KT+ KAPRWL+TDLRDGNQSLPDPM++ +KK KL Sbjct: 32 RDPSVKYRAFAPP-KMVKRIWPDKTIQKAPRWLSTDLRDGNQSLPDPMSVAQKKEYFHKL 90 Query: 65 CELGFKEIEVAFPSASNIDFQFTQYAVKNVPEDVSIQVLSPCREPLIERTVESLVGAKRA 124 +GFKEIEV+FPSAS DF FT+YAV+N P+DV IQ L RE LI+RTVE+L GAKRA Sbjct: 91 INIGFKEIEVSFPSASQTDFDFTRYAVENAPDDVGIQCLVQSREHLIKRTVEALTGAKRA 150 Query: 125 IVHIYLATSPCFREIVFNNMSHEESIEKAVKCAKLVRSLTKDHPDRQDTHWSFEFSPETF 184 +H YLATS FREIVFN MS EE+I KAV+ KLVR LTKD P +Q T WS+EFSPE F Sbjct: 151 TIHTYLATSDMFREIVFN-MSREEAISKAVEATKLVRKLTKDDPSQQATRWSYEFSPECF 209 Query: 185 SDSEPDFVLEICEAVKAAWGPTEDNPIIFNLPATVEMATPNVYADQIEYFAQSISEREKV 244 SD+ +F +EICEAVK AW PTE+NPIIFNLPATVE+A+PNVYADQIEYF+ I+EREKV Sbjct: 210 SDTPGEFAVEICEAVKKAWEPTEENPIIFNLPATVEVASPNVYADQIEYFSTHITEREKV 269 Query: 245 CISLHPHNDRGCAVAAAELAQMAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTLALNLYTQGVSPNL 304 CIS H HNDRGC VAA EL +AGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVT+A+N+YTQGVSPNL Sbjct: 270 CISTHCHNDRGCGVAATELGMLAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTVAMNMYTQGVSPNL 329 Query: 305 DFSDMASIIEVVEKCNKIPVHARAPYGGQLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFEKYDNKVKALQEK 364 DFSD+ SI E+V +CNKIP+ RAPYGG+LVV AFSGSHQDAIKKGF A+Q K Sbjct: 330 DFSDLTSISEIVHRCNKIPIPPRAPYGGELVVSAFSGSHQDAIKKGF--------AIQNK 381 Query: 365 EGPDAVVPWKMPYLPLDPQDIGRTYEAIIRVNSQSGKGGSSWVILKNLELDLPRDLQIAY 424 + W++PYLPLDP+DIGR YEA+IRVNSQSGKGG++WVI+++L LD+PR +Q+ + Sbjct: 382 KQAQGETRWRIPYLPLDPKDIGRDYEAVIRVNSQSGKGGAAWVIMRSLGLDVPRPMQVDF 441 Query: 425 SKIVQNETEIVGRELKSDELISLFEKSYFVGSHSTTGKFKFIDYKYDK-SPENFTLSVQL 483 S +Q + +GRELKS+E+ LF+++Y ++ ++Y+ K +PE L Q+ Sbjct: 442 SNTLQKNADALGRELKSEEITKLFKETYNYNNNEHI-YVTLLNYEVKKLNPERRALVGQV 500 Query: 484 SDGTTQWDLEGTGNGPISSFIDAVNKNFKTNLDVKNYHEHSLGKSSDSRAATYISVS--- 540 ++EG GNGPISS +DA++ L V+NY EHSLG S ++AA++I++S Sbjct: 501 EINDKVVNIEGYGNGPISSLVDALSNLLNVKLSVQNYSEHSLGSGSATQAASFINLSYIK 560 Query: 541 ----HEGFVQWGVGIHEDTTLASFLALLSCINGL 570 H WGVG+ EDT AS A+ + +N + Sbjct: 561 DINNHATSNMWGVGVSEDTGDASIKAVFATVNNI 594 >SPBC3E7.16c [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate synthase Length = 460 Score = 485 bits (1248), Expect = e-137 Identities = 247/470 (52%), Positives = 323/470 (68%), Gaps = 20/470 (4%) Query: 111 IERTVESLVGAKRAIVHIYLATSPCFREIVFNNMSHEESIEKAVKCAKLVRSLTKDHPDR 170 I RT+E+L GAK A VH+Y A SP FRE+VF N S +E+++ A+K +K+V + TK+ + Sbjct: 1 ILRTIEALRGAKNATVHLYNACSPLFREVVFRN-SKQETLDLAIKGSKIVTAATKNALES 59 Query: 171 QDTHWSFEFSPETFSDSEPDFVLEICEAVKAAWGPTEDNPIIFNLPATVEMATPNVYADQ 230 ++T+W FE+SPETFSD+EPDF LE+CEAVK W P+ PIIFNLPATVEM+TPN YAD Sbjct: 60 KETNWGFEYSPETFSDTEPDFALEVCEAVKGMWKPSAAQPIIFNLPATVEMSTPNTYADL 119 Query: 231 IEYFAQSISEREKVCISLHPHNDRGCAVAAAELAQMAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVT 290 IEYF+ +ISEREKVC+SLHPHNDRG AVAAAEL Q+AG DR+EGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVT Sbjct: 120 IEYFSTNISEREKVCVSLHPHNDRGTAVAAAELGQLAGGDRIEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVT 179 Query: 291 LALNLYTQGVSPNLDFSDMASIIEVVEKCNKIPVHARAPYGGQLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKG 350 LA NLYTQGVSPNLDFS + II + E CNKI VH R PY G LV AFSGSHQDAI KG Sbjct: 180 LAFNLYTQGVSPNLDFSKLDEIIRITEDCNKINVHPRHPYAGNLVFTAFSGSHQDAISKG 239 Query: 351 FEKYDNKVKALQEKEGPDAVVPWKMPYLPLDPQDIGRTYEAIIRVNSQSGKGGSSWVILK 410 + YD E++ D V WK+PYLPLDP D+ Y AIIRVNSQSGKGG ++++ Sbjct: 240 LKAYD-------ERKAVDPV--WKVPYLPLDPHDVNSEYAAIIRVNSQSGKGGVAYLLKT 290 Query: 411 NLELDLPRDLQIAYSKIVQNETEIVGRELKSDELISLFEKSYFVGSHSTTGKFKFIDYKY 470 N LDLPR LQ+ + IV++ ++ G+EL E+ LF +Y++ G+F DY Sbjct: 291 NCGLDLPRALQVEFGSIVKDYSDTKGKELSIGEISDLFYTTYYL---EFPGRFSVNDYTL 347 Query: 471 DKS-PEN------FTLSVQLSDGTTQWDLEGTGNGPISSFIDAVNKNFKTNLDVKNYHEH 523 + P++ + + D ++ +EG GNGP+S+ +DA+ + F + D+ Y EH Sbjct: 348 SSNGPQSKCIKCVVDIKGEKKDTPSRVVIEGVGNGPLSALVDALRRQFNISFDIGQYSEH 407 Query: 524 SLGKSSDSRAATYISVSHEGFVQWGVGIHEDTTLASFLALLSCINGLDRA 573 ++G + +AA+Y+ + WGVGI D T A A++S ++ RA Sbjct: 408 AIGSGNGVKAASYVEIIFNNTSFWGVGIDADVTSAGLKAVMSGVSRASRA 457 >At5g23010 [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate synthase Length = 506 Score = 105 bits (263), Expect = 1e-22 Identities = 100/352 (28%), Positives = 155/352 (43%), Gaps = 37/352 (10%) Query: 24 KWPSKTLNKAP-----RWLATDLRDGNQSLPDPMNLEEKKLMLDKLCELGFKEIEVAFPS 78 +WP NK P R T LRDG QS + +K + +L +L +EV FP Sbjct: 70 RWPEYIPNKLPDGNYVRVFDTTLRDGEQSPGGSLTPPQKLEIARQLAKLRVDIMEVGFPG 129 Query: 79 ASNIDFQFTQYAVKNVPEDVS--------IQVLSPCREPLIERTVESLVGAKRAIVHIYL 130 +S + + + K V +V I ++ C+ IE T E+L AKR + ++ Sbjct: 130 SSEEELETIKTIAKTVGNEVDEETGYVPVICAIARCKHRDIEATWEALKYAKRPRILVFT 189 Query: 131 ATSPCFREIVFNNMSHEESIEKAVKCAKLVRSLTKDHPDRQDTHWSFEFSPETFSDSEPD 190 +TS + + EE IE AV + +SL + +F E S+ D Sbjct: 190 STSDIHMKYKLKK-TQEEVIEMAVSSIRFAKSLGFN---------DIQFGCEDGGRSDKD 239 Query: 191 FVLEIC-EAVKAAWGPTEDNPIIFNLPATVEMATPNVYADQIEYFAQSISEREKVCISLH 249 F+ +I EA+KA G T + + TV + P+ Y + + Y + + V +++H Sbjct: 240 FLCKILGEAIKA--GVT-----VVTIGDTVGINMPHEYGELVTYLKANTPGIDDVVVAVH 292 Query: 250 PHNDRGCAVAAAELAQMAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDL--VTLALN----LYTQGVSPN 303 HND G A A + AGA +VE + G GER+GN L V +AL GV Sbjct: 293 CHNDLGLATANSIAGIRAGARQVEVTINGIGERSGNASLEEVVMALKCRGAYVINGVYTK 352 Query: 304 LDFSDMASIIEVVEKCNKIPVHARAPYGGQLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFEKYD 355 +D + + ++V++ + V A P G SG HQD I K Y+ Sbjct: 353 IDTRQIMATSKMVQEYTGLYVQAHKPIVGANCFVHESGIHQDGILKNRSTYE 404 >At1g18500 [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate synthase Length = 660 Score = 101 bits (252), Expect = 3e-21 Identities = 97/334 (29%), Positives = 140/334 (41%), Gaps = 37/334 (11%) Query: 39 TDLRDGNQSLPDPMNLEEKKLMLDKLCELGFKEIEVAFPSASNIDFQFTQYAVKNVPEDV 98 T LRDG QS + +EK + +L +LG IE FP+AS DF+ AVK + E V Sbjct: 94 TTLRDGEQSPGATLTSKEKLDIARQLAKLGVDIIEAGFPAASKDDFE----AVKTIAETV 149 Query: 99 SIQV-----------LSPCREPLIERTVESLVGAKRAIVHIYLATSPCFREIVFNNMSHE 147 V LS C + IER +++ AKR +H ++ATS E + Sbjct: 150 GNTVDENGYVPVICGLSRCNKKDIERAWDAVKYAKRPRIHTFIATSDIHLEYKLKK-TKA 208 Query: 148 ESIEKAVKCAKLVRSLTKDHPDRQDTHWSFEFSPETFSDSEPDFVLEICEAVKAAWGPTE 207 E IE A + RSL + EFSPE SE +++ EI V A T Sbjct: 209 EVIEIARSMVRFARSLGCE---------DVEFSPEDAGRSEREYLYEILGEVIKAGATT- 258 Query: 208 DNPIIFNLPATVEMATPNVYADQIEYFAQSISEREKVCISLHPHNDRGCAVAAAELAQMA 267 N+P TV + P+ + I + E V IS H ND G + A A Sbjct: 259 -----LNIPDTVGITLPSEFGQLITDLKANTPGIENVVISTHCQNDLGLSTANTLSGAHA 313 Query: 268 GADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTLALNLYTQ------GVSPNLDFSDMASIIEVVEKCNK 321 GA ++E + G GER GN L + + + + G+ +D + ++VE+ Sbjct: 314 GARQMEVTINGIGERAGNASLEEVVMAIKCRGDHVLGGLFTGIDTRHIVMTSKMVEEYTG 373 Query: 322 IPVHARAPYGGQLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFEKYD 355 + G SG HQD + K Y+ Sbjct: 374 MQTQPHKAIVGANAFAHESGIHQDGMLKHKGTYE 407 >At1g74040 [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate synthase Length = 631 Score = 101 bits (251), Expect = 4e-21 Identities = 97/334 (29%), Positives = 140/334 (41%), Gaps = 37/334 (11%) Query: 39 TDLRDGNQSLPDPMNLEEKKLMLDKLCELGFKEIEVAFPSASNIDFQFTQYAVKNVPEDV 98 T LRDG QS + +EK + +L +LG IE FP+AS DF+ AVK + E V Sbjct: 92 TTLRDGEQSPGATLTSKEKLDIARQLAKLGVDIIEAGFPAASKDDFE----AVKTIAETV 147 Query: 99 SIQV-----------LSPCREPLIERTVESLVGAKRAIVHIYLATSPCFREIVFNNMSHE 147 V LS C + IE E++ AKR +H ++ATS + S E Sbjct: 148 GNTVDENGYVPVICGLSRCNKKDIETAWEAVKYAKRPRIHTFIATSDIHLKYKLKK-SKE 206 Query: 148 ESIEKAVKCAKLVRSLTKDHPDRQDTHWSFEFSPETFSDSEPDFVLEICEAVKAAWGPTE 207 E IE A + RSL + EFSPE SE +++ EI V A T Sbjct: 207 EVIEIARNMVRFARSLGCE---------DVEFSPEDAGRSEREYLYEILGEVIKAGATT- 256 Query: 208 DNPIIFNLPATVEMATPNVYADQIEYFAQSISEREKVCISLHPHNDRGCAVAAAELAQMA 267 N+P TV + P+ + I + + V IS H ND G + A + Sbjct: 257 -----LNIPDTVGITLPSEFGQLIADIKANTPGIQNVIISTHCQNDLGLSTANTLSGAHS 311 Query: 268 GADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTLALNLYTQ------GVSPNLDFSDMASIIEVVEKCNK 321 GA +VE + G GER GN L + + + + G+ +D + ++VE+ Sbjct: 312 GARQVEVTINGIGERAGNASLEEVVMAIKCRGDHVLGGLFTGIDTRHIVMTSKMVEEYTG 371 Query: 322 IPVHARAPYGGQLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFEKYD 355 + G SG HQD + K Y+ Sbjct: 372 MQTQPHKAIVGANAFAHESGIHQDGMLKHKGTYE 405 >At5g23020 [E] KOG2367 Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase/homocitrate synthase Length = 503 Score = 97.4 bits (241), Expect = 5e-20 Identities = 98/351 (27%), Positives = 151/351 (42%), Gaps = 39/351 (11%) Query: 26 PSKTLNKAP-----RWLATDLRDGNQSLPDPMNLEEKKLMLDKLCELGFKEIEVAFPSAS 80 P NK P R L T LRDG QS + +K + +L +L +EV FP +S Sbjct: 72 PEYIPNKLPHKNYVRVLDTTLRDGEQSPGAALTPPQKLEIARQLAKLRVDIMEVGFPVSS 131 Query: 81 NIDFQFTQYAVKNVPEDVSIQV--------LSPCREPLIERTVESLVGAKRAIVHIYLAT 132 +F+ + K V +V + ++ C++ IE T E+L AKR V ++ +T Sbjct: 132 EEEFEAIKTIAKTVGNEVDEETGYVPVICGIARCKKRDIEATWEALKYAKRPRVMLFTST 191 Query: 133 SPCFREIVFNNMSHEESIEKAVKCAKLVRSLT-KDHPDRQDTHWSFEFSPETFSDSEPDF 191 S + + EE IE AV K +SL KD +F E +E DF Sbjct: 192 SEIHMKYKLKK-TKEEVIEMAVNSVKYAKSLGFKD----------IQFGCEDGGRTEKDF 240 Query: 192 VLEIC-EAVKAAWGPTEDNPIIFNLPATVEMATPNVYADQIEYFAQSISEREKVCISLHP 250 + +I E++KA G T TV + P + + + Y ++ + + ++H Sbjct: 241 ICKILGESIKA--GATT-----VGFADTVGINMPQEFGELVAYVIENTPGADDIVFAIHC 293 Query: 251 HNDRGCAVAAAELAQMAGADRVEGCLFGNGERTGNVDLVTLALNL------YTQGVSPNL 304 HND G A A AGA +VE + G GER+GN L + + L GV + Sbjct: 294 HNDLGVATANTISGICAGARQVEVTINGIGERSGNAPLEEVVMALKCRGESLMDGVYTKI 353 Query: 305 DFSDMASIIEVVEKCNKIPVHARAPYGGQLVVCAFSGSHQDAIKKGFEKYD 355 D + + ++V++ + V P G SG HQD I K Y+ Sbjct: 354 DSRQIMATSKMVQEHTGMYVQPHKPIVGDNCFVHESGIHQDGILKNRSTYE 404 Database: KOG eukaryal database 04/03 Posted date: Apr 14, 2003 1:07 PM Number of letters in database: 30,389,216 Number of sequences in database: 60,738 Lambda K H 0.316 0.134 0.395 Gapped Lambda K H 0.267 0.0410 0.140 Matrix: BLOSUM62 Gap Penalties: Existence: 11, Extension: 1 Number of Hits to DB: 36,641,478 Number of Sequences: 60738 Number of extensions: 1654585 Number of successful extensions: 3911 Number of sequences better than 1.0e-05: 7 Number of HSP's better than 0.0 without gapping: 3 Number of HSP's successfully gapped in prelim test: 4 Number of HSP's that attempted gapping in prelim test: 3883 Number of HSP's gapped (non-prelim): 7 length of query: 583 length of database: 30,389,216 effective HSP length: 112 effective length of query: 471 effective length of database: 23,586,560 effective search space: 11109269760 effective search space used: 11109269760 T: 11 A: 40 X1: 16 ( 7.3 bits) X2: 38 (14.6 bits) X3: 64 (24.7 bits) S1: 41 (21.6 bits)